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adhakrishnan, Hinduism, inA Cultural History of India, ed. A. L. Basham (New Delhi: Oxford Uy Press, 1997), 60ndash;82. 19. 葡萄牙探险家瓦斯科middot;达middot;伽马就是这样对卡利卡特的国王解释的(卡利卡特是今天印度的科泽科德,当时是全球香料贸易的中心之一)。达middot;伽马和手下的船员因为有机会在印度兴旺的香料和宝石贸易中分一杯羹而兴奋欣喜。他们也受了关于普莱斯特middot;约翰的消失的王国这一传说的影响。许多中世纪和近代早期的欧洲人相信,普莱斯特middot;约翰是一位强大的基督徒国王,住在非洲或亚洲。See Daniel Boorstin, The Discoverers (New York: Vintage Books, 1985),104ndash;6, 176ndash;77. 20.The Bhagavad Gita, trah Easwaran (Tomales,Calif.: Nilgiri Press, 2007), 82ndash;91; Amartya Sen,The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture, and Identity (New York: Picador, 2005), 3ndash;6. 21. See Pye, Asian Poolitics, 137ndash;41. 22. Kautilya,Arthashastra, trans. L. N. Rangarajan (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1992), 6.2.35ndash;37, p. 525. 23. Ibid., 9.1.1, p. 588. Prussias Frederick the Great, on the eve of his seizure of the wealthy Austrian province of Silesia roughly two thousand years later, made a similar assessment. See Chapter 1. 24. Ibid., 6.2.39ndash;40, p. 526. 25. Ibid., 9.1.21, p. 589. 26. Ibid., 7.6.14, 15, p. 544. 27. See Roger Boesche,The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra (Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2002), 46; Kautilya,Arthashastra, 7.13.43, 7.2.16, 9.1.1ndash;16, pp. 526, 538,588ndash;89. 28. 按照考底利耶的观念,征服四海的统治者的王国是北起喜马拉雅山,南至大海,自东到西1 000由旬(yojana,古印度长度单位,约相当于11.2公里)的地方;等于现代的巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉国的领土
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